Master of Science in Physics (M. Sc)

Vector Analysis, Vector Analysis in Curved Coordinates and Tensors, Functions of Complex variable I, Functions of Complex variable II, Differential equations, Sturm-Liouville Theory-Orthogonal Functions.

Fundamental concepts, Introduction to group theory and Lie algebra. Theory of total angular momentum (Lie algebra of the components of angular momentum, parity and time reversal, sum of two angular momentum and Clebsch-Gordan coefficients). Applications of time- dependent and time –independent perturbation theory, Scattering theory (Born approximation for the scattering wave, scattering using phase-shift analysis).

The statistical basis for thermodynamics, Review of classical statistical mechanics, Postulates of quantum statistical mechanics, Micro canonical ensemble, Micro canonical ensemble, Ideal Bose gas, phonon gas, Ideal Fermi gas, Degeneracy pressure, interacting systems.

Introduction to Electrostatics, Boundary value problems in Electrostatics I&II, Magnetostatics, Faraday’s law, quasi static fields, Maxwell’s equations and macroscopic electromagnetism, conservation laws, Plane electromagnetic waves and waves propagation.

Variational principles and Lagrange's Equations, Central force problem, Oscillations, Classical mechanics of the special theory of relativity, Hamiltonian equations of motion, Canonical transformation, Hamilton-Jacobi theory and action-angle variables, Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formulation for continuous systems and fields.

Relativistic wave equation for spin zero particle (Klein-Gordon equation), Wave equation for spin half particle (Dirac equation), Lorentz-Covariance of the Dirac equation, Spinors under special reflection, Bilinear covariant of the Dirac spinors, Dirac particles in external fields, The hole theory, The Weyl equation-The neutrino.

Second Quantization & Statistical Mechanics, Green’s Functions and Field Theory, Fermi Systems, Linear Response, Bose Systems, Field Theory at Finite Temperature, Physical Systems at Finite Temperatures. Real-Time Green’s Functions and Linear Response.

This course will be given and selected by the supervisor/staff member to help the student to achieve his thesis.

Propagation of optical beams in homogenous and guiding media; ABCD law, Optical resonators, Fabry-Perot etalon, mode stability criteria, losses in optical resonator, unstable resonator ; Theory of laser oscillation, threshold conditions, Fabry-Perot laser, line-shape function and line broadening effects, three and four level systems, mode locking and Q-switching; Non-linear phenomena; Frequency conversion; High power lasers.

Measurement of spectrum and pulse duration of YAG laser pumped by a semiconductor laser, characteristics measurements of SHG and THG of YAG laser, fiber optics characteristics measurements, spatial filtering, Raman scattering, characteristics of nitrogen laser, spectral measurement of dye laser, pumped dye laser system.  

Bohr's atom; Vector atom models; Space, spin quantization. Fine structure of one electron, two electrons and many electrons systems; L-S and j-j coupling; Zeeman effect; Low and high magnetic fields; Stark effect; Electronic, vibrational and rotational energy levels, Electronic configuration of simple molecules; Vibrational modes; P.Q.R. branches of rotational transition; Fluorescence, phosphoresce; Frank, Candon factors; Raman effect. Tunable lasers; Spectral and temporal tuning; Raman lasers; CARS; Horses; Harmonic and parametric oscillators; Picosecond, continuum, femtosecond spectroscopy; LIBS, PAS, Rydberge states; Photogalvanic, multiphoton spectroscopy; High resolution spectroscopy; Lamb dip and saturation spectra; Laser cooling.

Coherence; coherence time and coherence length, temporal and spatial coherence. Matrix treatment of polarization, Jones vectors and Jones matrices. Fourier optics; Fourier analysis and transform. Holography. Nonlinear optics; non-linear susceptibility, second harmonic generation, wave mixing, Effects of Pockel, Kerr, faraday and acousto-optics, phase conjugation.

Properties of X-Rays, Geometry of Crystals, Diffraction I: Geometry, Diffraction II: Intensities of diffracted beams, Diffraction III: real samples, Laue Photographs, Powder photographs, Diffractometer measurements, Determination of crystal structure, Structure of polycrystalline aggregates.

Semiconductor Materials, Energy bands and Carrier Concentration, Carrier Transport Phenomena, p-n junctions, Metal- Semiconductor junctions (Unipolar Devices), Diffusion and Ion Implantation, Photonic Devices (Optical Absorption, Luminescence, and Carrier Lifetime and Photoconductivity) and other technical Topics: Photolithography, Etching, Bulk Crystal Growth, Thermal Oxidation, Epitaxial Growth, Metallization, MIS devices, LEDs, Semiconductor Lasers and Microwave devices.

Glass Based and PVC Based (Flexible) Substrate Materials, Transparent Conductors, Ohmic, selective and Photovoltaic Materials (Amorphous, Polycrystalline and Crystalline Silicon), Gallium arsenide, Indium Phosphide and other III- V Materials, CdS, CdTe and other II-VI Materials, CuInSe2 Materials, Organic and polymeric semiconducting materials, New nanostructure materials for solar energy applications.

Heat transfer mechanisms, Forced convection heat transfer, Natural convection heat transfer, Thermal radiation, Thermal energy and instrumentation, Heat treatment and techniques, Thermovision systems, Thermal applications in solar energy.

Solar physics, Electromagnetism radiation, Universal and terrestrial solar radiation, Geometrical factors for solar radiation and atmospheric layers, Solar radiation equations, Solar radiation tables, Solar radiation measurements, Models and applications.

Basic concepts and energy conversion, Solar-thermal and photovoltaic energy, Wind energy, Hydropower, Biomass energy, Geothermal energy, Hydrogen energy, Organic and waste  energy, Renewable energy storage, Global warming, The atmosphere and ozone and Environmental control.

Photon and electromagnetic field, Lagrangian field theory, Klein-Gordon field, Dirac field, Covariant theory of photons, S-matrix expansion, Feynman Digrams in QED, Lowest order QED processes.

Basics in field quantization, Introduction to renormalization theory, Renormalization group, Radiative correction in QED, Regularization in QED. 

Historical introduction for the elementary particles,  Elementary particle dynamics, Relativistic kinematics, Symmetries, Boundstates, Feynman calculus, Quantum Electrodynamics, Electrodynamics of quarks and hadrons, Quantum chromodynamics, Weak Interactions, Gauge theories. 

Band theory for metals, semiconductors and insulators - Properties of metals, semiconductors and insulators – Transport theory - Magnetic properties superconducting materials – Photovoltaic and thermoelectric effects – Interaction of radiation with solids – Elementary excitations. 

Magnetic properties of the electron -  Interaction with the proton - Zeeman splitting phenomena  - Quantum mechanics of electron spin resonance - Absorption, Saturation and relaxation - Multi-spin systems - Magnetic resonance of crystals and anisotropic systems - Free radicals - Iron group - Magnetic resonance spectrometers at medium and high frequencies.

Crystalline and amorphous solids – Metallic, semiconducting and insulating materials – Crystal growth – Thin films – Nanoproperties – Phase change in solids and phase diagrams – X-ray diffraction – Elemental analysis – Preparation of alloys and ceramics – Types of defects – Elasticity and hardness – Polymers and plastics -  Ultraviolet and infrared properties of materials. 

Electronic and atomic magnetism – Types of magnetism – Paramagnetism – Ferromagnetism and  Antiferromagnetism – Heisenberg and Ising models – Impurity magnetism – Kando effect – Transition element magnetism – Effective field theories – Amorphous and magnetic glasses – Magnetic energy – Magnetic phenomena in superconducting materials.

Introduction to nanostructure, Nanoparticles, Nanowires, Superlattices , Fullerenes, Nanotubes, Graphene , Interfaces, Silicon Technology, Solar Cells , Magnetic Data Storage, Spin Valves, Self-Assembly, Supermolecular Chemistry, Single Electron Devices, Molecular Electronics, Bio-Interfaces, Bio-Sensors, Molecular Motors, Quantum dots; Nano-scale probes; Fabrication of nanostructures; Transport in low-D systems; Optoelectronics of nanostructures

Experiments are to be undertaken by each student out of the following:

1. Superconductivity  
2. Thin films 
3. Magnetic properties 
4. Ferroelectrics
5. Semiconductors and metals.

A detailed report on: background, methods and analysis of data, conclusions and full references should be given in a publication style.

Some of these experiments can be replaced with other experiments according to the available experiments and students number . 

This wide and opened course is exceptional, since it will be given and selected by the supervisor/staff member to help the student in research work.

Alpha Decay: theory of barrier penetration, role of angular momentum,

Beta Decay: Role of neutrino, Fermi theory, shape of energy spectrum, Decay rate, selection rules, mass of neutrino, double Beta decay.

Gamma decay in nuclei: Excited states in nuclei, gamma decay, decay rates, selection rules, spectroscopic information from gamma decays, internal conversion, isomers, resonance absorption, Mossbauer Effect.

Nuclear moments: Multi-pole expansion of nuclear charge and current density, magnetic dipole moment, electric quadruple  moment, hyperfine structure, nuclear magnetic resonance.

Nuclear forces: properties of nuclear force, the deuteron, nucleon, scattering.

Nuclear models: shell model, collective properties, Rotation, Vibrations, Single particle states in deformed nuclei, Multi-particle configurations, Back pending, and Super deformation.

Neutron Physics: properties of neutrons, Neutron sources, nuclear reactions, BF3 detectors.

Nuclear Fission by thermal neutron in homogenous reactors: Scattering Cross Section, Energy release from fission, Neutron yield, Reactor Criticality, Neutron cycle  

Neutron diffusion: Diffusion equation and its solutions.

The Critical equation in steady homogenous reactors: Diffusion equation applied to thermal for infinite and finite reactors, Fast neutron diffusion and Fermi age equation.

Heterogeneous Reactors: Effect of fuel distribution on the parameters of the multiplication factor, Non-steady nuclear reactors.

Scattering, particle transfer, resonance reactions, fission. Time-dependent. Hartree-Fock, Vlasov equation. Nuclear transport equations, particle production, nuclear liquid-gas phase transition, quark-gluon plasma.

Production of monoenergetic neutrons, Integral and Differential cross sections, Measurement of thermal, epithermal and fast neutron fluxes, Neutron source strength measurement, Neutron spectrometry using semiconductor, proportional and scintillation counters, Scattering of neutrons, Debye Waller Factor, Incoherent and Coherent scattering, Neutron diffraction and its applications in studies of magnetic and non  magnetic materials and amorphous solids, Polarization of neutrons and its applications,

Neutrons activation analysis, Neutron radiography.

Course (2h): Passage of radiation through matter, Statistics and treatment of experimental data, General Characteristics of detectors, Ionization detectors, Scintillation Detectors, Semiconductor Detectors

Lab (1h): Linux environment, C/C++ programming, data analysis tools, simulation codes.

 Biological cell and membrane structures. Membrane permeability. Permeability barrier. Active transport. Nernst Potential.   Different models of membrane system. Liposomes and its applications.  Functional organization of the human body and the control of internal environment.  Hemostasis.  Blood composition and coagulation; rheology of blood. Structure of heart & heart muscles. The electrocardiogram (ECG). The regulation of circulation. Hemodynamics of blood (blood flow and pressure). Macro-circulation and microcirculation. physiological biophysics techniques.

Spectroscopy - Models membrane preparation and measurements –AC & DC Dielectric relaxation of biological molecules- Viscosity and Dynamics of Biological Fluids – Radiation Dosimeters. Radiation diagnosis and treatments (Hospital training). 

Ultrasound waves and its production , the interaction of ultrasound with tissues , Ultrasonic scanning , A-scan and B-scan method, Doppler Effect. X-rays and their Production , X-ray spectra, Attenuation of X-rays, The radiographic  image, Diagnostic applications of X-rays, Advantages and Disadvantages of X-rays. Magnetic resonance imaging: Nuclear Magnetic resonance, Localization of the signal, Factors influencing of signal intensity, Instrumentation and equipment.

Nuclear radiation, Interaction of radiation with biological materials. Production of artificial radionuclide's, Radio-pharmaceuticals, Radionuclide imaging, radioisotopes diagnostic.

Space and terrestrial telescopes – Optical and UV detection – X-ray detection – Gamma ray detection –  Image processing and data reduction for Solar and Stellar observations. 

The inner structure of stars, the hydrostatic equilibrium, mass radius relation, solar model, main sequence, age of stars, the convection zone, optical depth, sun’s atmosphere, formation of the spectra lines and classification, lines of growth, evolution of stars, white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes.

The Milky Way – Galaxies, classification, dynamics and distribution – Active galaxies– Clusters of galaxies – Evolution of galaxies – Quasars – Universe expansion – Big bang theory.

Atmosphere, internal structure, magnetosphere,  ionosphere, satellites, rings, comets, asteroids, interplanetary matter.

Interstellar medium: distribution, chemistry and chemical evolution, physics of interstellar medium, star formation.

Earth: Neutral atmosphere – Ionosphere – Magnetosphere ,Solar wind, activity – Solar terrestrial physics – Space environment.

The spherical triangle, the celestial coordinates, the sidereal time, seasons, position of the celestial objects, setting and rising times, the refraction, parallax, aberration, motion of the planet around the sun, motion of the planet in sky, the galactic coordinates, the changing in the celestial coordinates, orbital theory.

Radiation in astrophysics – High energy astrophysics – Magneto hydrodynamics – Space plasma physics.